Part Four:
Surveillance, Search and Seizure

Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928)

Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)

United States v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983)

United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. 400 (2012)

United States v. Moran, 349 F.Supp.2d 425 (2005)

Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

Herring v. United States, 555 U.S. 135 (2009)

Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014)

Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. _ (2018)

Gary T. Marx, What's New About the "New Surveillance"? Classifying for Change and Continuity, Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science, September 2002

Jay Stanley and Barry Steinhardt, Bigger Monster, Weaker Chains, The Growth of an American Surveillance Society, ACLU Technology and Liberty Program, January 2003

BBC.com, Britain is 'surveillance society', BBC, November 2, 2006

Frank Baitman, Rethinking Surveillance, Washington Post, February 11, 2008

Spencer S. Hsu, Administration Set to Use New Spy Program in U.S., Washington Post, April 12, 2008

Siobhan Gorman, Satellite-Surveillance Program to Begin Despite Privacy Concerns, Wall Street Journal, October 1, 2008

Robert Pear, Privacy Issue Complicates Push to Link Medical Data, NY Times, January 17, 2009

Jesse McKinley, Marriage Ban Donors Feel Exposed by List, NY Times, January 18, 2009

Thomas Ricker, Video: Hacker War Drives San Franscisco Cloning RFID Passports, Engadget, February 2, 2009

BBC News, Warning over 'surveillance state', BBC News, Feb 6, 2009

Mats Lewan, Worker-monitoring tool now eyeing student cheaters, CNet News, February 13, 2009

InfoZine, EFF Releases How-to Guide to Fight Government Spying, 1InfoZine, March 3, 2009

Bruce Schneier, It's Time to Drop the 'Expectation of Privacy' Test, Wired, March 26, 2009

Philip Dowdy, Microchip Tells Docs if Patients have Taken Their Pills, Furious Seasons, April 13, 2009

Stephen Shankland, Google profile users get a say in people search results, CNET News, April 21, 2009

Evan Ratliff, Gone Forever: What Does It Take to Really Disappear?, Wired, August 13, 2009

Maha Atal & Damian Kahya, Google's Legal Battles, New Statesman, August 20, 2009

Cory Doctorow, WhatTheInternetKnowsAboutYou: your browser is giving away your history, Boing Boing, September 2, 2009

Nate Anderson, "Anonymized" data really isn't—and here's why not, Ars Technica, September 8, 2009

Paul Ohm, Netflix's Impending (But Still Avoidable) Multi-Million Dollar Privacy Blunder, freedom-to-tinker.com, September 21st, 2009

Kashmir Hill, How the C.I.A. Perfects its Social Media Monitoring Technologies, Forbes, November 24, 2010

Talk Talk to introduce controversial virus alert system, BBC News, November 25, 2010

Tom Connor, Peep show: inside the world of unsecured IP security cameras, Ars Technica, January 11, 2011

Tom Foremski, Have US companies helped in Egypt Internet crackdown?, ZDNet, January 28, 2011

Researchers Track Mouse Movements and Hesitations, Slashdot.com, blogpost, January 31, 2011

Darren Pauli, National biometric pub list use 'explodes', ZDNet, February 1, 2011

Darlene Storm, Hackers use hidden device to manipulate news at Wi-Fi hotspots, Computerworld, February 14, 2011

Declan McCullagh, Libya's Internet hit with severe disruptions, CNET, February 22, 2011

Brian Prince, Security: Wiretapping the Internet: Inside Government Web Monitoring Efforts, slideshow, Eweek, February 23, 2011

Dan Kaplan, Requiring ISPs to retain user logs, SC Magazine, March 1, 2011

Cory Doctorow, Folk models of home computer security: what we think our PCs are doing, Boing Boing, March 22, 2011

Alex Knapp, Samsung Unveils Robot Vacuum Spy, Forbes, March 22, 2011

Internet transparency tools for everyone gets wads of cash, The Inquirer, March 23, 2011

Lucas Mearian, Big data to drive a surveillance society. Computerworld, March 24, 2011

Darlene Storm, U.S. Gov't to Thank for Phone-Wiping Panic Button, PC World, March 30, 2011

Ki Mae Heussner, So Much for Privacy? New Sites Share Every Step You Take Online, ABC News, March 31, 2011

David Harley, Every picture tells a story, SC Magazine, April 13, 2011

Lance Whitney, Companies fear cybercrime more than insider threats, CNET, April 15, 2011

Verne G. Kopytoff, Yahoo Will Keep Search Queries for 18 Months, blogs, NY Times, April 18, 2011

Eric Brown, Home surveillance camera offers night vision, eWeek, April 18, 2011

Ki Mae Heussner, Are You Being Secretly Recorded at Work?, ABC News, April 19, 2011

Ciaran Giles, Internet 'Right to Be Forgotten' Debate Hits Spain, Associated Press, April 20, 2011

Thomas Lowenthal, IP address can now pin down your location to within a half mile, Ars Technica, April 22, 2011

Elinor Mills, Personal-safety GPS device presents security risk, CNET, April 22, 2011

Carolyn Thompson, NY case underscores Wi-Fi privacy dangers, Associated Press, April 24, 2011

Bizarre Porn Raid Underscores Wi-Fi Privacy Risks, blogpost by CmdrTaco, Slashdot, April 25, 2011

Dan Rowinski, Update: Personal Data of 70 Million Sony Customers Exposed in Hack, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Joab Jackson, Microsoft App Analyzes Your Busy Schedule, PC World, April 27, 2011

Grant Gross, Trial Version of CAD Software Includes Spyware, PC World, April 28, 2011

Roger Grimes, Privacy matters again, so you'd better prepare, Infoworld, May 3, 2011

Kevin Fogarty, Furniture Company Accused of Webcam-Spying on Customers, PCWorld, May 3, 2011

Joe Mandak, Suit against PC renter raises privacy questions, Associated Press, May 4, 2011

Non-state Spy Kits for Hire

Nicole Perlroth, How Spy Tech Firms Let Governments See Everything On a Smartphone, New York Times, September 2, 2016

Bryan Burrough, How a Grad Student Found Spyware That Could Control Anybody's iPhone from Anywhere in the World, Vanity Fair, November 28, 2016

Looking Past the Wall

Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

Associated Press, Swiss police spy marijuana field with Google Earth, Business Week, January 29, 2009

Chris Soghoian, Obama's BlackBerry brings personal safety risks, CNet, February 12, 2009

David Hambling, Special Forces' Gigapixel Flying Spy Sees All, Wired, February 12, 2009

John Leland, Technology helps elderly live independently, International Herald Tribune, February 16, 2009

AFP, Google Software Bug Shared Private Online Documents, Breitbart.com, March 10, 2009

Cade Metz, Google taps your IP address for Starbucks targeting, The Register, April 7, 2009

Adam Cohen, A Casualty of the Technology Revolution: ‘Locational Privacy’, New York Times, August 31, 2009

US government developing activist technology, BBC.com, April 8, 2011

Cell Phones & GPS

Andrew Brandt, Soon, Your Cell Phone May Be Tracking You, PC World, April 2004

Hiawatha Bray, GPS spying may prove irresistible to police, Boston.com, January 17, 2005

Ryan Singel, U.S. Cell-Phone Tracking Clipped, Wired News, October 28, 2005

Electronic Frontier Foundation, Cellphone Tracking Cases (USA v. Pen Register), EFF.org, last updated December 21, 2005

James Kanter, Greek cellphones tapped, International Herald Tribune, February 3, 2006

''Big Brother'' Wiretapped Greek Prime Minister’s Phone, Greek News, February 6, 2006

Ellen Nakashima, Cellphone Tracking Powers on Request, The Washington Post, Nov 23, 2007

Adam Sherwin, The Facebook tool which turns your mobile phone into a snoop, Times Online UK, April 1, 2008

John Markoff, Surveillance of Skype messages found in China, International Herald Tribune, October 2, 2008

Scott Gilbertson, Google Latitude Broadcasts Your Location, Wired, February 4, 2009. -- RickSchwartz - 04 Feb 2009 (see also: Where Are Your Friends and Family? Check Google Maps)

Reuters, Mexico to fingerprint phone users in crime fight, February 9, 2009

John Markoff, A map of the world, in four billion pockets, International Herald Tribune, February 17, 2009

Stephen Baker, Mapping a New, Mobile Internet, Business Week, February 26, 2009. "A nascent industry involving the likes of Google and Nokia is pinpointing the movements and behaviors of millions of cell-phone users"

Stephanie Clifford, Advertisers Get a Trove of Clues in Smartphones, NY Times, March 11, 2009

Martin John Callanah, Location of I - Tracking Art Project, Urban Tick Blog, March 13, 2009

John Schwartz, As Jurors Turn to Web, Mistrials Are Popping Up, NY Times, March 18, 2009

Joel Johnson, Pinch Media: Statistics your iPhone apps may be sending back home, Pinch Media, April 13, 2009

Nathan Eagle, Inferring friendship network structure by using mobile phone data, National Academy of Sciences, July 1, 2009

Christopher Soghoian, 8 Million Reasons for Real Surveillance Oversight, paranoia.dubfire.net, December 1, 2009

Kim Zetter, Feds ‘Pinged’ Sprint GPS Data 8 Million Times Over a Year, Wired, December 1, 2009

Jim Harper, The Government Can Monitor Your Location All Day Every Day Without Implicating Your Fourth Amendment Rights, The Technology Liberation Front, February 11, 2010

Michael Isikoff, The Snitch in Your Pocket, Newsweek, Feb 19, 2010

Casey Johnston, Cell phones show human movement predictable 93% of the time, Ars Technica, Feb 23, 2010

Kelly Jackson Higgins, New Hack Pinpoints Cell Phone User's Location, Personal And Business Relationships, Darkreading, April 21, 2010

Paul Sonne and Max Colchester, Egyptian Government Intrudes on Mobile Operators, WSJ.com, February 4, 2011

Michael Kan, Beijing to Track People's Movements Via Their Mobile Phones, CIO, March 4, 2011

Kashmir Hill, The Tracking Device We’ve All Embraced: Our Phones, Forbes, blogpost, March 28, 2011

Mike Masneck, Replay Six Months Of A German Politician's Life Thanks To His Mobile Phone Data, Techdirt, March 29, 2011

John Markoff, New Search Technology Is Enhanced With Videos, NY Times, April 7, 2011

Clare Hopping, Sensitive data and your mobile phone policy, IT Pro, April 11, 2011

Mike Elgan, Snooping: It's not a crime, it's a feature, Computerworld, April 16, 2011

Tom Brewster, Skype Android app flaw places data in danger, IT Pro, April 18, 2011

Mark Baard, See aliens invade the Greenway — if you have the app, The Boston Globe, April 18, 2011

Gregg Keizer, Skype for Android leaks user data, Computerworld, April 18, 2011

Jihadists use mobiles as propaganda tools, BBC, April 21, 2011

Nick Bilton, Location Apps Generate Privacy Concerns, NY Times, April 21, 2011

Declan McCullagh, How police have obtained iPhone, iPad tracking logs, CNET, April 21, 2011

Dan Kaplan, Location data collection may interest law enforcement, SC Magazine, April 22, 2011

Richard H. Thaler, Show Us the Data. (It’s Ours, After All.), NY Times, April 23, 2011

Robert Lee Hotz, The Really Smart Phone, Wall Street Journal, April 23, 2011

Matthew Lasar, The gadgets police use to snarf cell phone data, Ars Techica, April 25, 2011

Robert X. Cringely, Your smartphone knows you better than you do, Infoworld, April 26, 2011

Tom Kaneshige, Is IT Tracking Your Location via Smartphone?, PC World, April 26, 2011

Ryan Kim, Smartphones Are Local Search and Shopping Devices, NY Times, April 26, 2011

Neil Mcallister, Why users don't trust mobile apps, Infoworld, April 28, 2011

Lore Sjöberg, Alt Text: Sneaky Smartphones Track Stupid Users, Wired, April 28, 2011

Joelle Tessler, Wireless carriers get consent to use location data, Associated Press, April 28, 2011

Keir Thomas, Verizon to Warn Cellphone Buyers on Tracking Data, PCWorld, April 30, 2011

Mike Elgan, Who Owns Your Location?, Computerworld, May 2, 2011

Tracking Apple, Google & Microsoft's Tracking Policies

Galen Gruman, Mobile location services: Don't ruin the pending revolution, Infoworld, April 19, 2011

Charles Arthur, iPhone keeps record of everywhere you go, The Guardian, April 20, 2011

Gregg Keizer, FTC calls out Google's Chrome over Do Not Track, Computerworld, April 20, 2011

Ki Mae Heussner, Apple Tracks Location with iPhone, iPad Data, ABC News, April 20, 2011

Jacqui Cheng, How Apple tracks your location without consent, and why it matters, Ars Technica, April 20, 2011

Nick Bilton, 3G Apple iOS Devices Are Storing Users’ Location Data, blogs, NY Times, April 20, 2011

AP, Belgium Probes Google Street View Data Sweep, April 21, 2011

Adam Satariano, Apple IPhone Tracking Is Probably a ‘Mistake,’ Researchers Say, Business Week, April 21, 2011

Nate Anderson, Rep. Ed Markey wants privacy answers from Steve Jobs (again), Ars Technica, April 21, 2011

Nick Bilton, Location Apps Generate Privacy Concerns, Report Says, blogs, NY Times, April 21, 2011

Hayley Tsukayama, Tracking on the iPhone catches the Hill’s attention, Washington Post, April 21, 2011

Marie C. Baca, Apple’s iPhone/iPad Location-Tracking May Be a Bug, VentureBeat, April 21, 2011

Ki Mae Heussner, Why Are Apple, Google Tracking Your Phone?, video, ABC News, April 22, 2011

Miguel Helft, Google Says It Collects Location Data on Phones for Location Services, April 22, 2011

Elinor Mills, Tools wipe location data from (some) iPhones, CNET, April 22, 2011

Dan Goodin, No, iPhone location tracking isn't harmless and here's why, The Register, April 22, 2011

Declan McCullag, Android data tied to users? Some say yes, CNET, April 22, 2011

Cory Doctorow, Android secretly stores location data too -- though less of it, and with less detail, Boing Boing, April 22, 2011

Paritosh Bansal, Apple, Google tap phone location data, Reuters, April 22, 2011

Brian X. Chen & Mike Isaac, Why You Should Care About the iPhone Location-Tracking Issue, Wired, April 22, 2011

Becky Worley, Is Your iPhone Tracking You?, ABC News, April 23, 2011

Armando Rodriguez, Your Android Phone is Tracking You, PCWorld, April 23, 2011

Tony Bradley, iPhone Tracking Not News, Not Unique, and Not Ominous, PCWorld, April 23, 2011

Jordan Robertson, Your Phone, Yourself: When is tracking too much?, Associated Press, April 23, 2011

Jordan Robertson, Q-and-A: Smartphone location tracking, Associated Press, April 23, 2011

Hiawatha Bray, Smartphone privacy fears raised, boston.com, April 23, 2011

Nicholas Kolakowski, iPhone Tracking Issue Not Apple's First Congressional Run-In, Eweek, April 24, 2011

Jun Yang, Apple’s Location Data Collection Probed in South Korea, Businessweek, April 25, 2011

Declan McCullagh, Microsoft collects locations of Windows phone users, CNET, April 25, 2011

Wayne Rash, Mobile Phone Geo-Tracking Means You Can Run, but You Can`t Hide, Eweek, April 25, 2011

Ian Paul, iPhone Records Location Data No Matter What, Report Says, PCWorld, April 25, 2011

Gregg Keizer, Florida, N.Y. Consumers Sue Apple Over Location Tracking, Computerworld, April 25, 2011

Robert X. Cringely, Google and Apple: Smartphone Spies, Infoworld, April 25, 2011

Miguel Helft, Apple and Google Use Phone Data to Map the World, NY Times, April 25, 2011

Peter Bright, Windows Phone 7: no on-device location tracking; online another matter, Ars Technica, April 26, 2011

Mike Keller, No, Apple Is Not Tracking Your Location, PCWorld, April 26, 2011

Hayley Tsukayama, Does Windows Phone 7 track users?, Washington Post, April 26, 2011

iPhone Tracking Ruckus Ongoing, blogpost by CmdrTaco, Slashdot, April 26, 2011

Nancy Gohring,Apple Patent App Shows Plans for Location Data, IDG News, April 26, 2011

Dean Wilson, Microsoft admits that Windows Phone 7 collects location data, The Inquirer, April 27, 2011

Lawrence Latif, Apple denies tracking Iphone users, The Inquirer, April 27, 2011

Lex Friedman, Apple responds to concerns about iPhone location data, Infoworld, April 27, 2011

David Meyer, Apple: iPhone data used to build Wi-Fi hotspot database, ZDNet UK, April 27, 2011

Eyder Peralta, Apple's Steve Jobs Says Software Update Will Curtail Location Collection, NPR, April 27, 2011

Lex Friedman, Apple Publishes Q&A on IPhone Location Data, Macworld, April 27, 2011

Ian Paul, Apple Denies Tracking Users, Promises Software Fix, PCWorld, April 27, 2011

Miguel Helft, Jobs Says Apple Made Mistakes With iPhone Data, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Dan Moren, Homing In on Apple's Location-data Response, Macworld, April 27, 2011

Dan Goodin, Windows phones send user location to Microsoft, The Register, April 27, 2011

Bill Ray, US Senate weighs in on phone tracking, The Register, April 27, 2011

Hayley Tsukayama, Apple blames bug for location data file, plans policy changes, Washington Post, April 27, 2011

Hayley Tsukayama, Jobs explains mobile policies, says Apple will testify in hearing,Washington Post, April 27, 2011

David Pogue, Wrapping Up the Apple Location Brouhaha, NY Times, April 28, 2011

Chris Foresman, Google Faces $50 Million Lawsuit Over Android Location Tracking, Wired, May 1, 2011

Ed Oswald, Google Tracks You Too, Internal E-mails Show, PCWorld, May 1, 2011

Ryan Kim, Why Android Location Data Is So Important to Google, NY Times, May 2, 2011

Ralph Jennings. South Korea Raids Google Over Illegal Mobile Data Collection, PC World, May 3, 2011

Jacqui Cheng,iOS 4.3.3 is out with location tracking fixes for iPhone, iPad, Ars Technica, May 4, 2011

Jared Newman, Apple iOS 4.3.3 is Out; Location-Tracking Removed, PC World, May 4, 2011

Apple updates iPhone to address privacy worries, Associated Press, May 4, 2011

Darrell Etherington, Apple and Google Execs to Testify Before Senate Hearing on Privacy, NY Times, May 6, 2011

VoIP

Lewis Page, NSA offering 'billions' for Skype eavesdrop solution, The Register, February 12, 2009

Paul Meller, Skype calls' immunity to police phone tapping threatened, IDG News Service, February 23, 2009

David Pogue, One Number to Ring Them All, New York Times, March 12, 2009

John Leyden, Skype plugs Android privacy flaw, The Register, April 21, 2011

Flash Mobs

Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody, The Penguin Press, February 2008

Colin Moynihan, City Subpoenas Creator of Text Messaging Code, NY Times, March 30, 2008

Bill Brand, U.C. Berkeley student's Twitter messages alerted world to his arrest in Egypt, Oakland Tribune, April 15, 2008

Telegraph Staff, Students use Twitter to storm presidency in Moldova, Telegraph.co.uk, April 7, 2009

Nate Cochrane, Egyptians turn to Tor to Organise dissent online, SC Magazine, February 2, 2011

Xeni Jardin, Egypt: The viral vlog of Asmaa Mahfouz that helped spark an uprising, video, Boing Boing, February 2, 2011

Azerbaijan clamps down on protesters ahead of rally, BBC, March 10, 2011

Janine Zacharia, Signs of dissent becoming more visible among youth in Saudi Arabia, Washington Post, March 10, 2011

Joel Greenberg, Palestinians rally for unity in Gaza, West Bank, The Washington Post, March 16, 2011

Conduct of Surveillance

Eric Lichtblau, Error Gave F.B.I. Unauthorized Access to E-Mail, New York Times, February 16, 2008

Lara Jakes Jordan, More FBI Privacy Violations Confirmed, The Associated Press, Mar 6, 2008

Ryan Singel, FBI Tried to Cover Patriot Act Abuses With Flawed, Retroactive Subpoenas, Audit Finds, blog.wired.com, March 13, 2008

Lisa Rein, Md. Police Put Activists' Names On Terror Lists, Washington Post, October 8, 2008

Lisa Rein, Police Listed Gay Rights Group Among Terrorists, Washington Post, January 23, 2009

Brian Ross, Vic Walter, and Anna Schecter, Inside Account of U.S. Eavesdropping on Americans: U.S. Officers' "Phone Sex" Intercepted, Recorded, Shared Across NSA Listening Post, ABC News, October 9, 2008

Tristana Moore, Deutsche Bahn shaken by spying scandal, BBC News, February 13, 2009

Yvonne Singh, Why are we fingerprinting children?, The Guardian, March 7, 2009

Nicole Kobie, Government to monitor all internet use and phone data, IT Pro, April 27, 2009

Susan Candiotti & Nicole Bliman, School District Accused of Remotely-Activating Webcam to Investigate Students, CNN, February 22, 2010 - Story also here.

Kim Zetter, Military Monitored Planned Parenthood, Supremacists, Wired, Feb 25, 2010

Helmi Noman & Jillian C. York, West Censoring East: The Use of Western Technologies by Middle East Censors, 2010-2011, OpenNet Initiative, 2011

Jaikumar Vijayan, DOJ seeks mandatory data retention requirement for ISPs, Computerworld, January 25, 2011

Hello, Big Brother: Digital sensors are watching us, USA Today, January 26, 2011

Michael Kan, China Microblogs Block Chinese Word for 'Egypt', CIO, January 29, 2011

Andy Greenberg, As Egyptians Reconnect, Their Government Will Be Watching, Forbes, February 4, 2011

Daniel Lyons, Dictator-Proofing the Internet, Newsweek, February 6, 2011

Jim Harper, Is a U.S. Company Assisting Egyptian Surveillance?, Cato@Liberty, blogpost, February 7, 2011

Grant Gross, FBI: Web-based services hurting wiretapping efforts, Computerworld, February 17, 2011

Ryan Singal, FBI pushes for surveillance backdoors in Web 2.0 tools, Ars Technica, February 18, 2011

Christopher Williams, Iran cracks down on web dissident technology, The Telegraph, March 18, 2011

Bob Brown & Tim Greene, Google Funds Tools to Expose Government Attempts to Censor, Shut Down the Internet, CIO, March 22, 2011

Lucas Mearian, Big Data to Drive a Surveillance Society, Computerworld, March 24, 2011

Paul Sonne & Steve Stecklow, U.S. Products Help Block Mideast Web, Wall Street Journal, March 28, 2011

Nate Anderson, Why the US needs to blacklist, censor pirate websites, Ars Technica, April 1, 2011

Joby Warrick, Report on global human rights practices notes tightening of Internet freedoms, Washington Post, April 8, 2011

Angela Moscaritolo, Education Dept. proposes new privacy, data sharing rules, SC Magazine, April 8, 2011

Michele Kelemen, U.S. Eyes Global Internet Freedoms, NPR newscast, April 8, 2011

Declan McCullagh, Privacy dispute tests Obama's earlier promises, CNET, April 8, 2011

Elinor Mills, U.S. shutters botnet, can disable malware remotely, CNET, April 13, 2011

David Meyer, Ripa changes call for consent before snooping, ZDNet UK, April 20, 2011

Michael Liedtke, Google's 1Q lobbying bill hits new high of $1.48M, boston.com, April 22, 2011

Japanese Government Will Censor Fukushima "Illegal Information", blogpost by samzenpus, Slashdot, April 24, 2011

Adam Schreck, Emirati telecom: BlackBerry limits next week, AP, April 25, 2011

Jacqui Cheng, FBI child porn raid a strong argument for locking down WiFi networks, Ars Technica, April 25, 2011

Darlene Storm, Justice Department Pushes Warrantless GPS Surveillance, Computerworld, April 25, 2011

Tim Arango, Text Messages Proliferate as Threats in Iraq, NY Times, April 26, 2011

Andy Greenberg, How Iran Became The World’s Worst Internet Oppressor, Forbes, April 26, 2011

Dan Goodin, TomTom sorry for giving customer driving data to cops, The Register, April 27, 2011

Vikas Bajaj, India Puts Tight Leash on Internet Free Speech, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Parmy Olson, British Firm Offered Spy Software To Egypt, Forbes, April 27, 2011

Curt Hopkins, Iran Officially Worst Online Oppressor, NY Times, April 30, 2011

Jennifer Baker, European Legislators Consider Net Filter for Europe, PCWorld, May 2, 2011

Michael Kan,China's New IT Authority Could Raise Censorship, PC World, May 4, 2011

Stephanie Overby, IT Outsourcing in China and Data Privacy Guidelines, PC World, May 4, 2011

Data Mining & Data Selling

Arthur R. Miller, The National Data Center And Personal Privacy, The Atlantic, Nov, 1967

Declan McCullagh, Perspective: the flip side of database snooping, C|Net News.com, February 7, 2005

Tom Owad, Data Mining 101: Finding Subversives with Amazon Wishlists, Applefritter.com, January 4, 2006

John Aravosis, AMERICAblog just bought General Wesley Clark's cell phone records for $89.95, AMERICAblog, January 12, 2006

Steve Boggan Q. What could a boarding pass tell an identity fraudster about you? A. Way too much, The Guardian, May 3, 2006

Reuters, Agencies probing sales of cell phone data, C|Net News.com, January 14, 2006

Michael Barbaro and Tom Zeller Jr, A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749, NY Times, Aug 9, 2006

Eric Bangeman, AOL data leak may give data retention bill new life, Ars Technica, Aug 13, 2006

Bruce Schneier, TrackMeNot, Schneier on Security, August 23, 2006

Ryan Singel, FBI Mined Grocery Store Records to Find Iranian Terrorists, CQ Reports, Wired, November 06, 2007

Chris Soghoian, Did credit card companies collaborate with the FBI's grocery data mining program?, CNet, November 7, 2007

Juan Carlos Perez, Facebook's Beacon More Intrusive Than Previously Thought, PC World, Nov 30, 2007

Associated Press, Google to Store Patients' Health Records, New York Times, Feb 21, 2008 (to learn more about HIPPA, see US Department of Health and Human Services)

Eric Pfanner, Internet providers get a piece of ad income, International Herald Tribune, Feb 17, 2008, "This is taking targeting to the next level"

Louise Story, To Aim Ads, Web Is Keeping Closer Eye on You, NY Times, March 10, 2008

Jonathan Richards, CIA enlists Google's help for spy work, Times Online UK, March 31, 2008

Jacqui Cheng, Web surfers know advertisers are watching—and don’t like it, Ars Technica, March 31, 2008

Peter Whoriskey, Every Click You Make, Washington Post, April 4, 2008

Saul Hansell, Ad Industry Bans Targeting People With Cancer; Ads to Widows and Orphans Allowed, NY Times, April 10, 2008

Cade Metz, American ISPs already sharing data with outside ad firms, The Register, April 10, 2008, "We require our ISPs to give notice to the user directly, and we also allow for an opt-out"

Stephen Baker, The Numerati, BusinessWeek, August 28, 2008, "By building mathematical models of its own employees, IBM aims to improve productivity and automate management"

Declan McCullagh, Government report: Data mining doesn't work well, CNet News, October 7, 2008

Brad Stone, U.S. banks mine data and pitch to troubled borrowers, International Herald Tribune, October 22, 2008

Ron Lieber, A (Very) Watchful Eye on Credit Card Spending, NY Times, January 30, 2009.

Alex Kingsbury,The CIA and NSA Want You To Be Their Friend on Facebook, U.S. News and World Report, Feb. 5, 2009

BBC News, Government plans travel database, Feb 8, 2009

Miguel Helft, Google to Offer Ads Based on Interests, NY Times, March 11, 2009

Tom Whitehead, One in four government databases illegal, The Telegraph, March 23, 2009

Stephanie Clifford, Online Age Quiz is a Window for Drug Makers, NY Times, March 25, 2009

John Markoff, Vast Spy System Loots Computers in 103 Countries, NY Times, March 28, 2009

Jack Marshall, Phorm Launches Korean Trial Despite Concerns in U.K., ClicKz, March 30, 2009

Melena Ryzik, Mapping the Cultural Buzz: How Cool Is That?, NY Times, April 6, 2009

Maha Atal, How Advertisers Mine Data on Social Networks, Forbes.com, May 18, 2009

Deborah Yao, Web-monitoring software gathers data on kid chats, Associated Press, September 5, 2009

Joshua L. Simmons, Buying You: The Government's Use of Fourth-Parties to Launder Data about 'The People', Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2009, No. 3, p. 950

Steve Lohr, How Privacy Vanishes Online, NY Times, Mar 16, 2010

Rachael King, Sentiment Analysis Gives Companies Insight Into Consumer Opinion, Business Week, March 1, 2011

Paul Krill, Big Data mining: Who owns your social network data?, InfoWorld, March 9, 2011

Jaikumar Vijayan, Obama Administration Calls for New Privacy Law, CIO, March 16, 2011

Larry Dignan, Get ready for neuromarketing: Advertising just got creepier, ZDNet, March 21, 2011

Elinor Mills, Who is Epsilon and why does it have my data?, CNET, April 6, 2011

Peter Wayner, Illustrating Your Life in Graphs and Charts, NY Times, April 20, 2011

Zoe Chace, Web's 'Content Farms' Grow Audiences For Ads, NPR, April 21, 2011

J.D. Biersdorfer, Personalized Ads in Gmail, NY Times, April 25, 2011

Tomio Geron, Can The U.N. Use Big Data To Respond To Global Disasters?, blogs, Forbes, April 26, 2011

Nina Totenberg, Supreme Court Weighs Whether To Limit Data Mining, NPR, April 26, 2011

Dan Berg, Ad Company Wants to Know What You’re Thinking, PCWorld, April 27, 2011

Eli Pariser, Welcome to the Brave New World of Persuasion Profiling, Wired, April 26, 2011

Mark Sherman, Court questions limits on use of prescription data, Associated Press, April 26, 2011

Nick Bilton, Holding Companies Accountable for Privacy Breaches, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Jared Newman, TomTom Caught Selling Speed Data to Dutch Police, PCWorld, April 28, 2011

Felix Salmon, The Uncanny Valley of Advertising, Wired, April 28, 2011

Jordan Robertson, Customers stay despite high-profile data breaches, Associated Press, May 1, 2011

Nick Bilton, How Credit Card Data Is Stolen and Sold. NY Times, May 3, 2011

Kevin Poulsen, Chat Log: What It Looks Like When Hackers Sell Your Credit Card Online, Wired, May 4, 2011

Nick Bilton, A Tool to Harvest iPhone Location Data, NY Times, May 5, 2011

Cristen Conger, Can You Disappear on the Web?, ABC News, May 7, 2011

RFID

Beth Bacheldor, RFID Takes Root in Bangladesh, RFID Journal, Jan. 15, 2008

Declan McCullagh, RFID Tags: Big Brother in small packages, C|Net News.com, January 13, 2003

Kim Zetter, School RFID Plan Gets an F, Wired News, Feb. 10, 2005

Jim Rapoza, Security Getting Trampled in the Rush to RFID, eWeek.com, Mar. 7, 2005

Jacqueline Emigh, Homeland Security Officials Refute RFID Reports, CIO Insight, Mar. 17, 2005

Jacqueline Emigh, RSA Finds More Flaws in RFID, eWeek.com, Mar. 23, 2005

Mark Baard, RFID Cards Get Spin Treatment, Wired News, Mar. 29, 2005

RFIDUpdate.com, RFID Tattoos to Make a Mark on Cattle Tagging, RFIDUpdate.com, Feb. 11, 2008

Steve Boggan Cracked it!, The Guardian, Nov 17, 2006

Sharon Gaudin, RFID tech turned into spy chips for clandestine surveillance, Computerworld, March 20, 2008

Mark Mayne, RFID hacks defeat new UK passport security, SC Magazine UK, Apr 23, 2008

Dan Goodin, (USA) Passport RFIDs cloned wholesale by $250 eBay auction spree, The Register, February 2, 2009

Mitch Betts, Footwear, Fashion Driving RFID Growth, February 21, 2011

Roy Furchgott, Peace of Mind, From a Dubious Threat, NY Times, April 25, 2011

Government Spoofing

Lance Whitney, China hijacked U.S. Internet data, C|Net News.com, October 22, 2010

Dan Goodin, Tunisia plants country-wide keystroke logger on Facebook, The Register, January 25, 2011

Nick Fielding & Ian Cobain, US spy operation that manipulates social media, The Guardian, March 17, 2011

Kim Zetter, Congress Asks to Review DoD and NSA Contracts With HBGary, Wired, March 17, 2011

Michael Kan, Google: Gmail Blocking Designed By Chinese Government, CIO, March 21, 2011

Dan Goodin, 'Iranian' attackers forge Google's Gmail credentials, The Register, March 23, 2011

Mark Gibbs, Lots of "people" you interact with online are sockpuppets, Computerworld, March 24, 2011

Michael Schwirtz, Russians Riled by Attacks on Blogging Service, NY Times, April 8, 2011

Jaikumar Vijayan, Government made me do it, imprisoned TJX hacker claims, Computerworld, April 8, 2011

Declan McCullagh & Elinor Mills, Feds take porn fight to Google, C|Net News.com, January 19, 2006

Declan McCullagh, FAQ: What does the Google subpoena mean?, C|Net News.com, January 20, 2006

Reuters, Privacy experts condemn Google subpoena, C|Net News.com, January 20, 2006

Katie Hafner & Matt Richtel, Google Resists U.S. Subpoena of Search Data, New York Times, January 20, 2006

Katie Hafner, After Subpoenas, Internet Searches Give Some Pause, January 25, 2006

Constant Brand, EU Report Urges Search Data Deletion, The Associated Press, April 9, 2008

Andrew A. Adams and Ian Brown, Keep Looking: The Answer to the Machine is Elsewhere, SSRN, January 19, 2009

Declan McCullagh, Bill proposes ISPs, Wi-Fi keep logs for police, CNet News, February 19, 2009

Nick Farrell, US lawyers start to mine private Facebook zones, The Inquirer, January 28, 2011

Background

James Risen & Eric Lichtblau, Bush Secretly Lifted Some Limits on Spying in U.S. After 9/11, Officials Say, New York Times, December 15, 2005

Dan Eggen, Bush Authorized Domestic Spying, Washington Post, December 16, 2005

Kelli Arena, Bush says he signed NSA wiretap order, CNN.com, December 17, 2005

CBS/AP, Bush Defends Domestic Spying, CBS News, January 1, 2006

Terry Frieden, Gonzales to testify on domestic spying, CNN.com, January 13, 2006

ACLU, ACLU Sues to Stop Illegal Spying on Americans, Saying President Is Not Above the Law, ACLU.org, January 17, 2006

Center for Constitutional Rights, CCR Files Suit over NSA Domestic Spying Program, CCR-NY.org, January 17, 2006 (Press release appears to have vanished from the CCR site, but all documents from the case are here.)

Legal Documents

Asst. Attorney General William E. Moschella, DOJ Letter on Legal Authority for NSA Surveillance, December 22, 2005

Elizabeth B. Bazan & Jennifer K. Elsea, Presidential Authority to Conduct Warrantless Electronic Surveillance to Gather Foreign Intelligence Information, Congressional Research Service, January 5, 2006

Law Professors and Former Government Officials, A Response to the Justice Department's Letter of December 22, 2005, January 9, 2006

ACLU, NSA Spying Complaint, January 17, 2006

CCR, NSA Complaint, January 17, 2006

Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales, Legal Authorities Supporting the Activities of the National Security Agency Described by the President, DOJ White Paper, January 19, 2006

ACLU, ACLU, EFF Urge Supreme Court to Protect Against Forced Disclosure of Phone Passwords to Law Enforcement, The Petition for Writ of Certiorari Andrews v. State of New Jersey — Petition for Writ of Certiorari, American Civil Liberties Union, January 8, 2021

James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, Intelligence Court Rules Wiretapping Power Legal, NY Times, January 15, 2009

Kim Zetter, NSA Whistleblower: Wiretaps Were Combined with Credit Card Records of U.S. Citizens, Wired, January 23, 2009

Eric Lichtbau & James Risen, N.S.A.’s Intercepts Exceed Limits Set by Congress, NY Times, April 15, 2009

David Kravets, Appeals court revives lawsuit challenging NSA surveillance of Americans, Wired.com, March 21, 2011

NSA Surveillance Hearings

Eric Lichtblau, Top Aide Defends Domestic Spying, New York Times, February 7, 2006

Sen. Patrick Leahy, Statement, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Wartime Executive Power and the NSA's Surveillance Authority, February 6, 2006

Alberto Gonzales, Prepared Testimony, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Wartime Executive Power and the NSA's Surveillance Authority, February 6, 2006

Alberto Gonzales, Response to Questions from Chairman Specter, , February 6, 2006

A full transcript of the hearing is available here: Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV.

Paul Kane, Senate Authorizes Broad Expansion Of Surveillance Act, Washington Post, February 13, 2008

Traffic Cameras

"Although charges are only in force at peak times, the system runs 24 hours a day" (See "Met given real time c-charge data" story below)

Mark Townsend & Paul Harris, Security role for traffic cameras, Guardian, February 9, 2003

Lester Haines, When is a speed camera not a speed camera?, The Register, November 10, 2003

Lester Haines, Speed camera clocks motorist at 406 mph, The Register, January 21, 2004

County's speed cameras set alight, BBC News, February 10, 2006

New cameras to 'cut road deaths', BBC News, February 13, 2006

Egan Orion, Secret pact allows the US to spy on UK motorists, The Inquirer, April 21, 2008

Met given real time c-charge data, BBC News, July 17, 2008

Photo Ticket Cameras to Track Drivers Nationwide, TheNewspaper.com, September 16, 2008

Ben Webster, Drivers will have no escape from new speed cameras, Times Online, October 9, 2008

Jon Nielsen, Duncanville council member wants to re-evaluate red-light camera policy, The Dallas Morning News, February 2, 2009

Karen Ann Cullotta, Chicago Links Street Cameras to Its 911 Network, New York Times, February 20, 2009.

Rajini Vaidyanathan, CCTV cars snap distracted drivers, BBC News, April 11, 2009

Cory Doctorow, Traffic cameras used to harass and limit movement of peaceful protestors, BoingBoing, November 21, 2009

Facial Recognition Technology

James Randerson, Face recognition technique aids security - and lookalike searches, The Guardian, January 26, 2008

Airports trial facial recognition, BBC News, April 25, 2008 "Tougher checks do take time, but we don't want long waits"

Christopher Hope, Mug shots at the touch of a button for police, Telegraph.co.uk, March 20, 2008 "...could allow CCTV cameras to trigger an alert when they film a known criminal"

Dana Oshiro, Picasa 3.5: Ruining Your Good Name with Face Recognition Tagging, Read Write Web, September 22, 2009

Ellen Messmer, FBI Turns Up Faster, More Accurate Fingerprint Identification System, CIO, March 8, 2011

Darlene Storm, How to trick facial recognition & lie to your smartphone, Computerworld, blog, March 29, 2011

Mark Milian, Google making app that would identify people's faces, CNN, March 31, 2011

Jon Brodkin, Windows 8 Facial Recognition Moves Closer to Reality, Network World, April 23, 2011

Megan Geuss, Facebook Facial Recognition Could Get Creepy, PC World, April 26, 2011

Social Networking and Online Dating

Melody Joy Kramer, Forfeiting privacy, one post at a time, Daily Pennsylvanian.com, November 30, 2005

Jessi Hempel with Paula Lehman, The MySpace Generation, Business Week, December 12, 2005

Kristi Eaton, Social sites spark privacy concerns, ASU Web Devil, January 18, 2006

Nate Anderson, Google + Facebook + alcohol = trouble, Ars Technica, January 19, 2006

Rob Stafford, Why parents must mind MySpace, NBC Dateline, January 27, 2006

CBS, MySpace: Your Kids' Danger?, CBS Evening News, February 6, 2006

Lizette Alvarez, (Name Here) Is a Liar and a Cheat, New York Times, February 16, 2006

Maria Aspan, How Sticky Is Membership on Facebook? Just Try Breaking Free, New York Times, February 11, 2008.

Phil Bradley, Spokeo, the Big Brother of social networking, pandia.com, February 25, 2008.

One-in-Five Employers Use Social Networking Sites to Research Job Candidates, CareerBuilder.com Survey Finds, CareerBuilder.com, September 10, 2008.

Emma Fitzsimmons and Bonnie Rubin, Social-networking sites viewed by admissions officers, Chicago Tribune, September 20, 2008.

Clive Leviev-Sawyer, It's Safer Internet Day, The Sofia Echo, Feb 10 2009

Brian Stelter, Facebook's users ask who owns information, International Herald Tribune, February 17, 2009.

Alan Cowell, Facebook withdraws changes in data use, International Herald Tribune, February 18, 2009.

Randall Stross, When Everyone’s a Friend, Is Anything Private?, New York Times, March 7, 2009

Tom Espiner, Gov't may track all UK Facebook traffic, ZDNet UK, March 18, 2009

Social sites dent privacy efforts, BBC News, March 27, 2009

Hacker Exposes Private Twitter Documents, NY Times, July 15, 2009

Carolyn Johnson, Project 'Gaydar', The Boston Globe, September 20, 2009

Google Social Search, Official Google Blog, October 26, 2009

Lawrence Latif, Facebook temporarily halts its latest privacy blunder, The Inquirer, January 18, 2011

Intelligence agencies urged to track social media sites, BBC.com, January 28, 2011

Mary Beth Sheridan, Social media curbs pose hurdle for U.S., Washington Post, January 29, 2011

Tom Krazit, Google, Twitter build Speak to Tweet for Egyptians, CNET, January 31, 2011

Zeljka Zorz, Private info on Facebook increasingly used in court, Help Net Security, February 2, 2011

Sam Gustin, Social Media Sparked, Accelerated Egypt’s Revolutionary Fire, Wired.com, February 11, 2011

Linda Herrera Egypt's Revolution 2.0: The Facebook Factor, blogpost, jadaliyya.com, February 12, 2011

Kashmir Hill, Can Facebook-Addicted Congressmen Force Themselves to Crack Down on the Social Network?, Forbes, February 16, 2011

Forrester Research in Best Practices. Social Networks: Good Or Evil?, CIO, February 17, 2011

Caroline McCarthy, Amid unrest, a hard new look at online anonymity, CNET, February 22, 2011

Michael Kan, China Blocks LinkedIn, Ramps Up Internet Censorship, CIO, February 24, 2011

What role has social media played in the Middle East revolutions?, video, BBC.com, February 24, 2011

Verne G. Kopytoff, Sites Like Twitter Absent From Free Speech Pact, NY Times, March 6, 2011

Dylan Tweney, Al Jazeera English Plans Show Centered on Social Networking, Wired.com, March 6, 2011

Stephanie McCrummen, In Iraq protests, a younger generation finds its voice, March 16, 2011

Rhea Wessel, Activist Investors Turn to Social Media to Enlist Support, NY Times, March 24, 2011

Randy Abrams, Facebook Retains Right to Exploit Minors, ESET Threat Blog, March 25, 2011

Emma Barnett, Facebook policy chief admits site needs to improve deletion tools for a minority of users, The Telegraph, March 25, 2011

Jennifer Preston, Ethical Quandary for Social Sites, NY Times, March 27, 2011

Sarah Lyall, For $1,000, Site Lets Celebrities Say It Ain’t So, NY Times, March 27, 2011

Andrew Ross Sorkin, Facebook May Hire Robert Gibbs, Former Obama Aide, NY Times, March 27, 2011

Miguel Helft & Matt Richtel, Facebook Prepares to Add Friends in Washington, NY Times, March 28, 2011

Rafe Needleman, Zapoint constructs resumes from social networks, CNET, March 28, 2011

What a Gibbs Hire Might Mean for Facebook, video, NY Times, March 28, 2011

Adam Thierer, On Facebook “Normalizing Relations” with Washington, The Technology Liberation Front, March 29, 2011

Facebook drops 'intifada' page for promoting violence, BBC.com, March 29, 2011

Associated Press, After Israeli official complains, Facebook removes page calling for armed Palestinian uprising, Washington Post, March 29, 2011

Byron Acohido, Social-media tools used to target corporate secrets, USA Today, March 30, 2011

Dj Walker-Morgan, Cree.py application knows where you've been, The H, March 30, 2011

Kyle Almond, How one voice can tell the story of an entire movement, CNN, April 1, 2011

Austin Considine, For Activists, Tips on Safe Use of Social Media, NY Times, April 1, 2011

Xeni Jardin, Israeli weapons in Libya? Andy Carvin and his Twitter followers debunk sloppy reporting, tweet by tweet Boing Boing, April 2, 2011

Christopher Joyce, Computer Translator Reads Between The Tweets, NPR, April 4, 2011

John Leyden, Photoshopped image scam used in rogue Facebook app trap, The Register, April 4, 2011

Social Media and the Libya Uprising, video, ABC News, April 4, 2011

Dan Goodin, Virally spreading scam spreads over Twitter, The Register, April 5, 2011

Steven Greenhouse, Labor Panel to Press Reuters Over Reaction to Twitter Post, NY Times, April 6, 2011

Facebook and Google fight French police's data demands, The Telegraph, April 7, 2011

Associated Press, US gov’t may use Facebook, Twitter to announce new terrorism warnings to public, Washington Post, April 7, 2011

Andy Greenberg, Feds: “Unread” Privacy Policy Lets Us Nab WikiLeakers’ Twitter Data, Forbes, April 8, 2011

Fahmida Y. Rashid, Sophos Demands Facebook Make Security, Privacy Default Settings, eWeek, April 18, 2011

Hayley Tsukayama, Facebook and free speech: it’s complicated, Washington Post, April 21, 2011

Outlaw.com, Social networks must police kids' profiles, says EC, The Register, April 21, 2011

Beth DeFalco & Jennifer Peltz, Tweeting, deleting help build Rutgers webcam case, Associated Press, April 23, 2011

Lucas Mearian, Banks Go Social to Collaborate, Reach Customers, PC World, April 24, 2011

Claire Cain Miller, Filtering the Social Web to Present News Items, NY Times, April 24, 2011

Larry Magid, Software alerts parents of Facebook users (podcast), CNET, April 26, 2011

Tom Gillis, Unsociable: Social Media Brings a New Wave of Threats, blogs, Forbes, April, 26 2011

Linton Weeks, Privacy 2.0: We Are All Celebrities Now (First of two parts) NPR, April 26, 2011

Linton Weeks, Privacy 2.0: The Garbo Economy (Second of two parts), NPR, April 27, 2011

Nick Bilton, Facebook Hires Duo Behind Daytum, a Personal Data Site, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Richard MacManus, Why Color May Be The Next Twitter, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Caitlin Roper, Sites That Share Your Chrome Cache, Wired, April 26, 2011

Nick Bilton, Facebook Hires Duo Behind Daytum, a Personal Data Site, NY Times, April 27, 2011

Ken Fisher, Facebook shoots first, ignores questions later; account lock-out attack works (Update X), Ars Technica, April 28, 2011

Sarah Perez, Anyone Can Take Down Facebook Pages With a Fake Email Address, NY Times, April 28, 2011

Ashlee Vance, Yammer, Chatter, Hot Water, Businessweek, April 28, 2011

Jacqui Cheng, Facebook takedown followup: what happened, and what Facebook needs to fix, Ars Technica, April 29, 2011

Cory Doctorow, Facebook celebrates royal wedding by nuking 50 protest groups, Boing Boing, April 29, 2011

Ed Oswald, Julian Assange: Facebook is an 'Appalling Spying Machine', PCWorld, May 2, 2011

Brian Stelter & Jennifer Preston, Turning to Social Networks for News, NY Times, May 2, 2011

Border Searches

Ellen Nakashima, Clarity Sought on Electronics Searches, Washington Post, February 7, 2008

Helene Cooper and Michael N. Grynbaum, Passport Files of Three Candidates Breached, NY Times, March 21, 2008

Chloe Albanesius, Judge: Customs May Search Laptops Without Warrants, PC Magazine, April 23, 2008

Declan McCullagh, Judge orders defendant to decrypt PGP-protected laptop, February 26, 2009, CNet News

DNA Collection and Database Building

Eileen Sullivan, Feds to Collect DNA from Everyone they Arrest, Associated Press, April 16, 2008

BBC News, DNA database 'breach of rights, BBC News, Dec 4, 2008

Jennifer Sullivan, Controversial measure would require DNA sampling at arrest, The Seattle Times, February 4, 2009

Solomon Moore, F.B.I. and States Vastly Expand DNA Databases, April 18, 2009

'Fingerprint' software to stem cyber crime, BBC.com, November 16, 2010