Did you try reading any of the writers whose views he criticized in order to find out?

Certainly there will be esoteric academics that like to have abstract pillow fights in law journals, but did Holmes' contemporaries really think the best way to approach the actual legal system was simply to arrange everything in the proper logical box? What would they say about an opinion by Justice Cardozo where he would create a contract from nothing? For example, a case where he held a promise to give your daughter's fiancé money after they were married is enforceable because not breaking off the marriage before the wedding day was consideration.

Is "nothing" a synonym for the preceding history of promissory estoppel in equity and the various strands of civil law on the subject of pre-marital gifts and wedding habiliments?

He wasn't just looking for the correct pattern of logic to apply. Rather he was using transcendental nonsense as the spokesperson for the results of an internal evaluation based on many quasi-legal variables.

How do you know?

Apparently, however, those who wanted to reduce law to its logical form and traded on transcendental nonsense were a strong force in the 1930s, otherwise Holmes wouldn't spend so much time addressing them.

Back in 1897. Didn't you check your dates, even if you had forgotten everything I said in class about the history of American legal realism?

Fortunately, though, it seems like scholarly and professional analysis of the law has progressed past transcendental nonsense and been replaced by the functional approach.

But this is a first semester test in the ability to comprehend and write lawtalk. You're neither expected to be capable of more nor adequately tested if you're tested on less. And from that point you feel capable of determining how legal education should work?

Why is law school incentivizing only this one skill?

At this one early moment?

Haven't we accepted that much more goes into advocating for our clients? Shouldn't we be testing this full spectrum?

After less than fourteen weeks of learning?

Unfortunately the evolution allowing Holmes’ functional approach to overcome transcendental nonsense in the broader legal community is unlikely to occur in law school because of a fundamental difference in motivation. The broader legal community, first in pursuing transcendental nonsense, and eventually embracing the functional approach was motivated by progress. It was a forward looking mindset interested in finding the best method to study the law. So it made sense, especially in the 1930s, to pursue something like the world Felix Cohen described in the beginning of his piece. Belief in absolutes was reinforced by the advances in many fields at that time, so it was natural to think the uncertainty of the law could be completely domesticated by reason and logical form. Gradually though, this idea gave way to the more realistic, functional approach because it prevailed as a better approach and the field was happy to adopt it. However the opposite motivation exists in law schools. Instead of forward looking, they are looking backward and looking sideways. Sideways to their competitor schools, in that they can’t give up the current approach or else employers might take them less seriously and backwards because ‘this is how it’s always been done’. This damaging nostalgia is likely inherited from the broader legal field, which is smitten with its tradition and image of godlike arbiters of right and wrong. It is why opinions about simple contract disputes are 20 pages long and written in the style of the Declaration of Independence. But law schools need to stop this and have more modern self-awareness. Instead of Law School, it needs to consider itself, law school – i.e. a trade school. It needs to take a cue from medical schools which are preparing their students to be effective in higher stakes, so they are forced to constantly improve their programs with an eye on the singular goal of generating better doctors. They can’t spare time playing intellectual games, instead they learn what they absolutely need to know and start honing all the necessary skills. Law schools, without the life and death stakes of medical school, are less likely to continually reevaluate their teaching methods and more likely to want to maintain the status quo, since the system is working economically. Thus I think it falls to elite law schools, less concerned with competing with other schools to lead the way in a serious revision of the teaching approach. Otherwise a broken, backward looking system will continue to generate unprepared lawyers.

You need to shorten your paragraphs. When you read them over, can't you feel their weight, their tendency to cudgel the reader? Put crisply, with economy, in an outline that emphasizes mobility of thought rather than massiveness, the ideas would still be substantively flawed in ways I've tried to indicate by occasional interlinear objection. The central fallacy can be addressed, no doubt, but it would be better to think through what you do and don't yet know about becoming a lawyer, which will help you to decide what you are and are not in a position to propose or defend with respect to later stages of legal education you haven't yet had.